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Subject: bug#77535: timeout treats very short durations as `0`
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Hi,

Version: timeout (GNU coreutils) 9.6, Archlinux, x86-64.

While playing with different duration parameters to `timeout`, I
noticed that extremely short durations, like `1e-3000`, are rounded
down to `0`. The problem is that `0` has a special meaning (disabling
the timeout), so I don't think this is desired.

All of these commands exit immediately:
```
timeout 0.0001 cat
timeout 1e-100 cat
timeout 1e-300 cat
timeout 1e-323 cat
```

But these never exits:
```
timeout 1e-324 cat
timeout 1e-3000 cat
```

As if we had typed:
```
timeout 0 cat
```

I think there is some logic in `printf` to handle float parsing
underflow, so maybe this can be reused in `timeout` as well.

Thanks,

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To: Nicolas Boichat <nicolas@HIDDEN>
Subject: bug#77535: Acknowledgement (timeout treats very short durations
 as `0`)
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Your message dated Fri, 4 Apr 2025 20:27:55 +0100
with message-id <a1cfeefb-ca6d-42a5-8701-8e8c0d607b87@HIDDEN>
and subject line Re: bug#77535: timeout treats very short durations as `0`
has caused the debbugs.gnu.org bug report #77535,
regarding timeout treats very short durations as `0`
to be marked as done.

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help-debbugs@HIDDEN)


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Subject: timeout treats very short durations as `0`
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Hi,

Version: timeout (GNU coreutils) 9.6, Archlinux, x86-64.

While playing with different duration parameters to `timeout`, I
noticed that extremely short durations, like `1e-3000`, are rounded
down to `0`. The problem is that `0` has a special meaning (disabling
the timeout), so I don't think this is desired.

All of these commands exit immediately:
```
timeout 0.0001 cat
timeout 1e-100 cat
timeout 1e-300 cat
timeout 1e-323 cat
```

But these never exits:
```
timeout 1e-324 cat
timeout 1e-3000 cat
```

As if we had typed:
```
timeout 0 cat
```

I think there is some logic in `printf` to handle float parsing
underflow, so maybe this can be reused in `timeout` as well.

Thanks,



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Subject: Re: bug#77535: timeout treats very short durations as `0`
To: Nicolas Boichat <nicolas@HIDDEN>, 77535-done <at> debbugs.gnu.org
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On 04/04/2025 16:26, Nicolas Boichat wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> Version: timeout (GNU coreutils) 9.6, Archlinux, x86-64.
> 
> While playing with different duration parameters to `timeout`, I
> noticed that extremely short durations, like `1e-3000`, are rounded
> down to `0`. The problem is that `0` has a special meaning (disabling
> the timeout), so I don't think this is desired.
> 
> All of these commands exit immediately:
> ```
> timeout 0.0001 cat
> timeout 1e-100 cat
> timeout 1e-300 cat
> timeout 1e-323 cat
> ```
> 
> But these never exits:
> ```
> timeout 1e-324 cat
> timeout 1e-3000 cat
> ```
> 
> As if we had typed:
> ```
> timeout 0 cat
> ```
> 
> I think there is some logic in `printf` to handle float parsing
> underflow, so maybe this can be reused in `timeout` as well.

The following should avoid this issue.

Marking this as done.

thanks!
Pádraig

diff --git a/src/timeout.c b/src/timeout.c
index 578d71070..6756cd888 100644
--- a/src/timeout.c
+++ b/src/timeout.c
@@ -371,6 +371,10 @@ parse_duration (char const *str)
        usage (EXIT_CANCELED);
      }

+  /* Clamp underflow to 1ns, as 0 disables the timeout.  */
+  if (duration == 0 && errno == ERANGE)
+    duration = 1e-9;
+
    return duration;
  }



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Subject: bug#77535: closed (Re: bug#77535: timeout treats very short
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Your bug report

#77535: timeout treats very short durations as `0`

which was filed against the coreutils package, has been closed.

The explanation is attached below, along with your original report.
If you require more details, please reply to 77535 <at> debbugs.gnu.org.

--=20
77535: https://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/bugreport.cgi?bug=3D77535
GNU Bug Tracking System
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Subject: Re: bug#77535: timeout treats very short durations as `0`
To: Nicolas Boichat <nicolas@HIDDEN>, 77535-done <at> debbugs.gnu.org
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On 04/04/2025 16:26, Nicolas Boichat wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> Version: timeout (GNU coreutils) 9.6, Archlinux, x86-64.
> 
> While playing with different duration parameters to `timeout`, I
> noticed that extremely short durations, like `1e-3000`, are rounded
> down to `0`. The problem is that `0` has a special meaning (disabling
> the timeout), so I don't think this is desired.
> 
> All of these commands exit immediately:
> ```
> timeout 0.0001 cat
> timeout 1e-100 cat
> timeout 1e-300 cat
> timeout 1e-323 cat
> ```
> 
> But these never exits:
> ```
> timeout 1e-324 cat
> timeout 1e-3000 cat
> ```
> 
> As if we had typed:
> ```
> timeout 0 cat
> ```
> 
> I think there is some logic in `printf` to handle float parsing
> underflow, so maybe this can be reused in `timeout` as well.

The following should avoid this issue.

Marking this as done.

thanks!
Pádraig

diff --git a/src/timeout.c b/src/timeout.c
index 578d71070..6756cd888 100644
--- a/src/timeout.c
+++ b/src/timeout.c
@@ -371,6 +371,10 @@ parse_duration (char const *str)
        usage (EXIT_CANCELED);
      }

+  /* Clamp underflow to 1ns, as 0 disables the timeout.  */
+  if (duration == 0 && errno == ERANGE)
+    duration = 1e-9;
+
    return duration;
  }



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Subject: timeout treats very short durations as `0`
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Hi,

Version: timeout (GNU coreutils) 9.6, Archlinux, x86-64.

While playing with different duration parameters to `timeout`, I
noticed that extremely short durations, like `1e-3000`, are rounded
down to `0`. The problem is that `0` has a special meaning (disabling
the timeout), so I don't think this is desired.

All of these commands exit immediately:
```
timeout 0.0001 cat
timeout 1e-100 cat
timeout 1e-300 cat
timeout 1e-323 cat
```

But these never exits:
```
timeout 1e-324 cat
timeout 1e-3000 cat
```

As if we had typed:
```
timeout 0 cat
```

I think there is some logic in `printf` to handle float parsing
underflow, so maybe this can be reused in `timeout` as well.

Thanks,



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On Fri, 4 Apr 2025 at 21:27, P=C3=A1draig Brady <P@HIDDEN> wrote:
>
> On 04/04/2025 16:26, Nicolas Boichat wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > Version: timeout (GNU coreutils) 9.6, Archlinux, x86-64.
> >
> > While playing with different duration parameters to `timeout`, I
> > noticed that extremely short durations, like `1e-3000`, are rounded
> > down to `0`. The problem is that `0` has a special meaning (disabling
> > the timeout), so I don't think this is desired.
> >
> > All of these commands exit immediately:
> > ```
> > timeout 0.0001 cat
> > timeout 1e-100 cat
> > timeout 1e-300 cat
> > timeout 1e-323 cat
> > ```
> >
> > But these never exits:
> > ```
> > timeout 1e-324 cat
> > timeout 1e-3000 cat
> > ```
> >
> > As if we had typed:
> > ```
> > timeout 0 cat
> > ```
> >
> > I think there is some logic in `printf` to handle float parsing
> > underflow, so maybe this can be reused in `timeout` as well.
>
> The following should avoid this issue.
>
> Marking this as done.

That was fast! Thanks!

>
> thanks!
> P=C3=A1draig
>
> diff --git a/src/timeout.c b/src/timeout.c
> index 578d71070..6756cd888 100644
> --- a/src/timeout.c
> +++ b/src/timeout.c
> @@ -371,6 +371,10 @@ parse_duration (char const *str)
>         usage (EXIT_CANCELED);
>       }
>
> +  /* Clamp underflow to 1ns, as 0 disables the timeout.  */
> +  if (duration =3D=3D 0 && errno =3D=3D ERANGE)
> +    duration =3D 1e-9;
> +
>     return duration;
>   }
>

Message sent to bug-coreutils@HIDDEN:

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On 2025-04-04 12:27, P=C3=A1draig Brady wrote:
> +=C2=A0 /* Clamp underflow to 1ns, as 0 disables the timeout.=C2=A0 */
> +=C2=A0 if (duration =3D=3D 0 && errno =3D=3D ERANGE)
> +=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 duration =3D 1e-9;

That isn't exactly right as the 1e-9 double-rounds to 2e-9 when we=20
compute the struct timespec. Also, even with the patch the code=20
mishandles 16777216.000000001 (2**24 + 10**-9) by treating it as if it=20
were just 16777216. These are tiny bugs, I know, but I took up the=20
challenge of doing this things more correctly by installing the attached.
--------------H2q1gelg9asgz40i29t5buIH
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On 05/04/2025 09:03, Paul Eggert wrote:
> On 2025-04-04 12:27, Pádraig Brady wrote:
>> +  /* Clamp underflow to 1ns, as 0 disables the timeout.  */
>> +  if (duration == 0 && errno == ERANGE)
>> +    duration = 1e-9;
> 
> That isn't exactly right as the 1e-9 double-rounds to 2e-9 when we
> compute the struct timespec. Also, even with the patch the code
> mishandles 16777216.000000001 (2**24 + 10**-9) by treating it as if it
> were just 16777216. These are tiny bugs, I know, but I took up the
> challenge of doing this things more correctly by installing the attached.

This is the first time coreutils is linking with libm.
So practically that does add measurable overhead:

   $ time seq 10000 | xargs -n1 src/timeout-old >/dev/null
   real    0m7.139s

   $ time seq 10000 | xargs -n1 src/timeout >/dev/null
   real    0m8.161s

So on my 2.6GHz i7-5600U we're adding 102,200 ns to the startup time,
to address theoretical single nanosecond issues.
Given the code is also more complex, I'm thinking using libm is not worth it?

BTW I'll apply the attached cleanups if we keep the libm dependency.

cheers,
Pádraig
--------------HAUvQaIq0TZ85wYGNjgbvivM
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I was interested to see that the code makes uses of strtod, and how this interacts with the minute / hour / day suffix.

$ strace -e trace=clock_nanosleep sleep 3
clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0, {tv_sec=3, tv_nsec=0}, 

$ strace -e trace=clock_nanosleep sleep 0xas
clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0, {tv_sec=10, tv_nsec=0},

$ strace -e trace=clock_nanosleep sleep 0xam
clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0, {tv_sec=600, tv_nsec=0},

$ strace -e trace=clock_nanosleep sleep 0xad
clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0, {tv_sec=173, tv_nsec=0},

Here 0xad is interpreted as 173 seconds, not 10 days.

It's a corner case, but should sleep(1) support or tolerate hex input, and if so, how should it handle the "d" suffix? FWIW I'd just vote to return an error for hex intervals.


Cheers,
Phil

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On 05/04/2025 19:02, Philip Rowlands wrote:
> I was interested to see that the code makes uses of strtod, and how this interacts with the minute / hour / day suffix.
> 
> $ strace -e trace=clock_nanosleep sleep 3
> clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0, {tv_sec=3, tv_nsec=0},
> 
> $ strace -e trace=clock_nanosleep sleep 0xas
> clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0, {tv_sec=10, tv_nsec=0},
> 
> $ strace -e trace=clock_nanosleep sleep 0xam
> clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0, {tv_sec=600, tv_nsec=0},
> 
> $ strace -e trace=clock_nanosleep sleep 0xad
> clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0, {tv_sec=173, tv_nsec=0},
> 
> Here 0xad is interpreted as 173 seconds, not 10 days.
> 
> It's a corner case, but should sleep(1) support or tolerate hex input, and if so, how should it handle the "d" suffix? FWIW I'd just vote to return an error for hex intervals.

Good point :)
Given FreeBSD and ksh sleep implementations also behave like GNU,
we should probably just document the edge case that
(day) suffixes are best avoided with hex inputs.

   ~$ ksh
   $ type sleep
   sleep is a shell builtin
   $ time sleep 0x10d
   real	4m29.00s

cheers,
Pádraig

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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
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On 05/04/2025 19:45, Pádraig Brady wrote:
> On 05/04/2025 19:02, Philip Rowlands wrote:
>> I was interested to see that the code makes uses of strtod, and how this interacts with the minute / hour / day suffix.
>>
>> $ strace -e trace=clock_nanosleep sleep 3
>> clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0, {tv_sec=3, tv_nsec=0},
>>
>> $ strace -e trace=clock_nanosleep sleep 0xas
>> clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0, {tv_sec=10, tv_nsec=0},
>>
>> $ strace -e trace=clock_nanosleep sleep 0xam
>> clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0, {tv_sec=600, tv_nsec=0},
>>
>> $ strace -e trace=clock_nanosleep sleep 0xad
>> clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0, {tv_sec=173, tv_nsec=0},
>>
>> Here 0xad is interpreted as 173 seconds, not 10 days.
>>
>> It's a corner case, but should sleep(1) support or tolerate hex input, and if so, how should it handle the "d" suffix? FWIW I'd just vote to return an error for hex intervals.
> 
> Good point :)
> Given FreeBSD and ksh sleep implementations also behave like GNU,
> we should probably just document the edge case that
> (day) suffixes are best avoided with hex inputs.
> 
>     ~$ ksh
>     $ type sleep
>     sleep is a shell builtin
>     $ time sleep 0x10d
>     real	4m29.00s

I'll apply the attached later to document this.

cheers,
Pádraig
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